?a �??? t?? Anonymous p?s? ap? t?? �?s?e? t?? Guy Fawkes (ap? t? �?�??? ??�?? t?? ??a? ????, V for Vendetta) �p??e? ?a e??a? "?p???sd?p?te ap? e�??, ?a? ???? e�e?? �a??" ???e. "??�aste "a????�??", de? ????�e p??s?p? ?a? ?pa???�e �??? st??? f?s????? ??�???" s?�p????????.
? a�f??e???�e?? ??a p?????? ?�?da ("collective" ? ???e?t?�a ?p?? ???e ?? ?d???) ??e? ?a?a?t???ste? ap? t?? t?p? ?? "a?t?�?st?? ???e??" (hacktivists), "?? e?d???t?? t?? web" ? ap??? ?? "internet gathering". ?a? e??a? p?????, p??a p?????.
?? ?a? �e????? f???? ?? ep???se?? se d??f??a sites e??a? ????????�e?, ??p??e? f???? ep?t??e?ta? ?at? ?????de? ?p?? s?��a??e? ?a? t??a p?? d?a�??ete a?t?? t?? ??a��??. ?p? t?? 18 ?a???a???? ??? st?? 24 ?a???a???? t?? 2012 ????? "?es???se?" ??????e?t??? t? Internet. ?? "online ????�a" t?? An?nymous ?�?? ???eta? p?? ?epe???e? t? ??a e?at?��???? ?t?�a! ?p?p???? ? s??s? t??? �e t? ????�a "Occupy Wall Street" p??pe? ?a ?e??e?ta? ded?�???.
????p?e????, p???t??a?t??, d?af??et????, ?�????, ep??et????, ?a?t????, ??�a?t????, p???t??, ?????f??, d?�?s?????f??, a?t?�?st??, �??a?????... e??a? p??? d?s???? ?a p??spa??se?? ?a t??? ?a?a?t???se??, af?? de? e??a? "??a?" a??? "p?????". ?? a????�??, de? e??a? p?t? ? ?d?a ?�?da p??ta, a??? "a????e?", "e�p???t??eta?" ?a? "�et??s???eta?".
?? s????a? t???, t? ?p??? ap???e?eta? ?a �?? ??ete a???se? se ??p??? ap? ta e?at??t?de? video p?? ????? ?????f???se? st? Internet ?a? e?d??? st? YouTube ?a? t? ?p??? ?a?a?t????e? t?s? t??? ?d???? ?s? ?a? t?? p???e?? t??? e??a? t?: "We are Anonymous. We are legion. We do not forgive. We do not forget. Expect us".
?? "?????�??" de? d????ta? ??p??? ?a?a?t???s�? ?a? de? ???s?�?p????? ???�ata. ? ???�as?a ?st?s? Anonymous fa??eta? ?a e??a? e�p?e?s�??? ap? t?? ????t???a t?? d?ad??t???, ?p?? ??p???? �p??e? ?a s?????se? ? ?a a?a?t?se? �?a ?d?a ? �?a f?t???af?a a????�a st? Internet. ? ???s? t?? ???�as?a? Anonymous ?e????se sta imageboards sa? t? 4chan.org ?p?? a??et?? ???ste? s????a?a? ?? a????�??. ????sta a??et?? ????sa? ?a aste?e???ta? �e t?? ?a?a?t???s�? "Anonymous" p?? s???de?a? ta s????a, pa??st????ta? ?t? ape??????ta? se ??p??? p?a?�at??? p??s?p? p?? ??e? a?t? t?? ???�as?a. ?a? ?ts? ?e????se. ?ed?�???? ?t? ? d?�?t???t?ta t?? imageboards ?p?? t? 4chan.org a??????e, ? ?d?a t?? Anonymous ?? �?a ?�?da a????�?? at?�?? �e ????? d?ad??t?a?? ta?t?t?ta, ?? �?a d??ad? ??f?a?? ??t?t?ta, �etat??p??e se Internet meme.
?? video pa?a??t? ap??a??pte? st???e?a ??a t?? "ta?t?t?ta" t?? Anonymous ap? ??a ?t???�a?ta?? p?? ????st??e p??sfata ??a t? ????�a t??? �e t?? t?t?? "We Are Legion" se s?????es?a Brian Knappenberger .
?a?t?t?ta...
???? a? ?e????s??�e ap? t?? a???... ?? ???e? t?? Anonymous ?e?????? ap? t? 2003 ?ta? e�fa??st??a? st? ???st? site 4chan, a?t?p??s?pe???ta? t?? ?d?a �?a? �a????? online ?????t?ta? ???st?? p?? ?a ap?te???sa? ta?t?????a ??a pa???s�?? ??f?a?? e???fa??. ???e? ep?s?? t?? Anonymous �a? p??a????? p?s? st? ?????, p??? t? 4chan.org, sta a?t?�?st??? ???e? ?????p t?? Cult of the Dead Cow ?a? Electronic Disturbance Theater e?? ???s�???? ?s???????ta? ?t? e??a? ste???? des�??? �e t?? ?�?da ???e?? LulzSec, a? ?a? t? a?????ta? af?? ?? pe??ss?te??? a?t??a?a?t??????ta? ?? AntiSec.
?p?????? "a?a?????" st???e?a st?? "ta?t?t?ta" t???, a?a�f?s�?t?ta, ?e????? p?? ??e? p???a??se? ???t???, a�f?s�?t?s? ?a? d?a�??e? st? Internet s?et??? �e t??? s??p??? ?a? t?? p????se?? a?t?? t?? "s????????? ??t?t?ta?". ?? Anonymous ?de??a? s?ed?? ap? t? ?e????�a t?? ?pa???? t???, ?? s?????, ?t? ?a s?et????ta? �e t?? d?ad??t?a?? a?t?�?st??? d??s?, t?? ??????s? d?a�a?t?????, online ?a? �? p??????ta? to e?e??e?? Internet, t?? e?e??e??a t?? ??f?as??, t?? e?e??e??a t?? ????? ?a? ?????? t?? e?e??e??a t?? d?a????s?? p????f????? st? Internet ?.a.
?? pa?a??t? video ap??a??pte? ?? ep? t? p?e?st?? t?? t??p? p?? s??ft??ta? ?a? ?e?t??????? ?? "Anonymous"
??? e????? d??f???? d??se?? (acts) p?? p?st????ta? st??? "Anonymous" a?a?a��????? p????? f???? ?t?�a ????st?? st???e??? p?? a?t?ap??a????ta? "a????�??" ?a? a?t? e??a? ??a s?�e?? p?? p??pe? ?a d?s??�e s?�as?a, �e t?? ?????a ?t? ?? Anonymous p??sf????? - ???? st?? ?d??t?ta t??? - ?????? se d??f??a ?t?�a ?a ep?d?d??ta? se e????�at???? p???e?? �e ?????? t?? a????�?a ???a? t? t?�?�a fa??eta?, ??a ?a a?t?ap??a?e?ta? �?a online ?�?da "?????�??", af?? ? ?p???sd?p?te �p??e? ?a ???fte? �?sa ap? t?? a????�?a p?? p??sf??e? t? ?d?? t? d?ad??t??.
?e? ?a �?e?te t?? ?�?da Anonymous ??p?? st? Internet s???e???�??a p??t??, ?st?s? ?p?????? p????? ?st?se??de? p?? s?et????ta? �e t?? d??s? t???. ?e????? ap? a?t?? e??a? t? anonops.blogspot.com, 4chan.org, Anonnews.org, anonyops.com ?a? ???e? e?? de? ????a?e t?? s?�p??e?a t??? ??a t? Wikileaks.
S?�f??a �e t?? Wikipedia, "?? Anonymous a?t?p??s?pe???? e????? t?? ?d?a ?p???sd?p?te ?a? ???? ?? ?????p?? �a?? ?a ?e?t??????? ?? �?a a????�? ?�?da. ???? st?? ???�as?a p???ap??? ???s??, ta ?t?�a p?? �???????ta? t? ???�a ???st?"Anonymous" ????eto?? ?�esa �?a ????? d?ad??t?a?? ta?t?t?ta, ? ?p??a ?a?a?t????eta? ?? ?d???st??? ?a? a?e�p?d?st?. ? s??e?d?t? ?????t?s? t?? ???�as?a? ??e? ?a? t?? sat????? t?? p?e??? ?? ap?t??es�a t?? online disinhibition effect".
?? ?e????? ?t? ?? Anonymous de? ????? ??p???? ?? ???t? - a?a�f?s�?t?ta ?p?????? ???s�???? �e pe??ss?te?? e?e??? ???? ap? ??????, p?? s?ed?????? ep??e???se??, p?? d?�???????? video ? �?????? a?a?????se?? - de? t??? e�p?d??e? ap? t? ?a ?e?d????? �??? ?a??�e???? se ???????? t?? ??s�?. ? e?s????s? st?? s???????? ??t?t?ta t?? Anonymous de? pe???a��??e? ??p??a... te?et?????a ??a ?a ???e? ??p???? Anonymous. Ta t??? �?e?te st? Internet, se f??a, se ????????? d??t?a ? a??�a ?a? st?? d??�?, ?ta? d?a�a?t????ta? e???t?a st? 1%, ?ta? ?e?????ta? st??? d??�??? f????ta? t?? �?s?e? t?? Guy Fawkes ??a ?a ?p?st??????? t? d??a??�a t?? e?e??e??? ??f?as??, t?? e?e??e??? d?a????s?? t?? p????f?????. ???? e?da�e �a?? �e t? ????�a Occupy Wall Street ?a d?a�a?t????ta?.
G?a ?a... ft?s??? �e�a??? �???? t?? d??�?, p??spa???? ?a ????t?p???s??? t?? ??s�? �?sa ap? video st? YouTube, �?sa ap? ?st?se??de? ?p?? t? 4chan, t? Facebook, t? Twitter, ap? ?a????a st? IRC ?a? pa?a??te?a ap? t?? Encyclop�dia Dramatica ?.a.
?????e?e?
?at? ?a?????, ?? Anonymous ep?d?d??ta? se �a????? ep???se?? hacking ??a ?a ?pe?asp?st??? t?? s??p? t???, ta d??a??�ata t???, ?p??a ?a? a? e??a? a?t? ???e f???. St?? te?e?ta?e? ep???se??, ap? t?? 18 ?a???a???? ??? s?�e?a, ???s?�?p??????e ?at? ????? t? LOIC (Low Orbit Ion Cannon) ?a? �???sta a??�a ?a? javasript ??d?s? t?? - �e t?? �???e?a t?? ?p???? p?a?�at?p????sa? DDoS (Denial Of Service) ep???se?? se ??�e???t??? sites �e st??? ?a ta ??????. ???a? ?�?? ?a? �???e?a ap? ???e? ?�?de? hacker.
?????? e?at??t?de? sites "?pesa?" ?a? s??e?????? ?a "p?ft???" ap? ta ??f?a?? p??? t??? ?? a?t?p???a ??a t?? ?p?st????? eta??e??? sta ??�?s??d?a SOPA, PIPA ?a? ACTA ?a??? ?a? ??a t? "??e?s?�?" t?? megaupload.com. ?? ?a? Anonymous, ?at?fe?a? ?a "ft?????? t? ???�a t???" p???a???ta? �e t?? ??a ? �e t?? ???? t??p?, s???e???�??a p??s?pa (?p?? t?? Justin Bieber, t?? Lady Gaga ??a t?? ?p?st????? t??? st? SOPA ?.a.), t?? "ast???�???? a????" (ap? t? FBI ??? ast???�??? t�?�ata ??a t?? ????da?�? t?? ????�at?? Occupy Wall Street), ?p????e?a d??a??s???? (?p?? t?? ???) a??�a ?a? ??�e???se?? d??f???? ??at?? st?? ??s�? (t?? ???, t?? ??????a?, t?? ??a????a? ?.a).
?p? t? 2010 ??? s?�e?a, ????? ???e? pe??ss?te?e? ap? 60 s?????e?? at?�??, st?? ??????a, st?? ??st?a??a, st?? ?a??a, st?? ??? ?a? st? ???d??? p?? ?? a???? ?p?st??????? ?t? a?????? st??? Anonymous ?a? ? ??p??, ef?�e??de?, ?a????a ?a? ?st?se??de? p??sfe?a? t?? apa?a?t?t? d?�?s??t?ta ??a ?a ap??t?s??? pe??ss?te?? d?�?t???t?ta, ?st? ?a? a? ?? Anonymous, ?p?? ???e, de? t?? ??e?????ta? ?a? de? t?? ??????.
???? ?st???a
?e????? ap? t?? p????? ep??e???se?? t?? Anonymous e??a? ?? pa?a??t?. ????e? ?????????? t?? ep???se?? ?a �?e?te ed?.
2003 - ?p? ta �?s? t?? f????� t?? 4chan.org, ?p?? s??a?t???t??sa? ?? ??t?e?? t?? manga ?a? t?? anime, s??�at?st??e ?at? p?sa p??a??t?ta ? p????a? t?? "????�at??"
2008 - ??t? t?? ??????, �eta?? ????? d????a?????e p??e?a ap? Anonymous f????ta? �?s?e? t?? Guy Fawkes p??? t?? ?????s?a t?? Sa?e?t?????a? e?? ????? ?t?p?sa? t?? ?st?se??da t?? �e ep???se?? DDoS. ? e????e?a ???�?st??e Project Chanology ?a? e??e s??p? ?a e?a?s??t?p???se? t?? ??s�? ?ste ?a �?? aspaste? t?? a??es? a??? ?a? ??a ?a �?? d?a??afe? ??a video �e t?? Tom Cruise ap? t?? d?�?s?a ??a.
2009 - St?? ??st?a??a, ? ??�????s? se s???e???s? �e t??? pa?????? Internet (ISPs) s?ed???e? ?a ????????e? t? Internet e?? ?? p?????? ????? e?t???? ?a pa?a????????? t??? ???ste? ??a t???? pa?a�?se?? t?? ??�??. ?? Anonymous ?? a?t?p???a ep?t??e?ta? st?? p????p??????? ?st?se??da. ? e????e?a e??e t?? ???�as?a "Operation Didgeridie ? Operation Titstorm" epe?d? ??????????e �?a f?t???af?a �?a? �??a? �e t?? ???? t?? p?? e??a? p????e? ??�??st??e?.
2009 - Se a?t?p???a ??a t?? d?a??af? d??f???? video �e �??s???, p?? pa?a�?a?a? ?at? t? YouTube ?a? t?? d?s????af???? eta??e?? p?e?�at??? d??a??�ata, ?? Anonymous p??��???sa? t?? YouTube �e p??????af??? video "�eta�f?es�??a" se ?????e?e?a?? video. ? ep??e???s? ???�?st??e Operation Porn Day.
2010 - ? Julian Assange, �as???? e?p??s?p?? ?a? s??t??t?? t?? Wikileaks s???e??f?e? ap? t?? a???? epe?d? d????e?se d??f??a ????afa p?? de? ??e?a? ?? ???. ?? Anonymous ?????a? t?? ??a??? t?? "Operation Payback" (Operation Avenge Assange) ?a? ep?t????a? �eta?? ????? sf?d?? ?a? st? PayPal epe?d? a??ste??e t?? ???a??as�? t?? WikiLeaks.
2011 - ??t? t?? ?????? ????a? p????, a??? ?e???????? �e????. ? t?te CEO t?? eta??e?a? asf??e?a? HPGary, Aaron Barr, ?ftase ???t? ?p?t??eta? se �e???? �??? t?? Anonymous ?a? ap? s???�???e? t?? p?? d????e?sa? st? Internet ????e ???st? ?t? ??e?e ?a ap??a???e? st?? a???? t?? p?a?�at???? ta?t?t?te? ???s�???? �e??? t?? Anonymous ? ?a? ?a p????se? ta st???e?a - ?p?? ???e ?? Anonymous - st? FBI. ? HPGary d??t??e t??�e?? ep??es? - Operation HPGary - ap? ?d?a?te?a de???t???e? hackers "???�??ta?" ?a? �?????ta? se ????? ??a st???e?a p????? e??a??�e??? t?? eta??e?a?. ? Aaron Barr e?a?a???st??e se pa?a?t?s? �et? t? s?��??.
2011 - ?? Anonymous a?a?????sa? ?t? ?a ep?te???? st?? Sony (Operation Sony) epe?d? ? eta??e?a ???????e d??ast??? e?a?t??? t?? George Hotz. ?? ?a? a??????a? �?s? t?? AnonOps st?? s????e?a t?? s?��et??? t??? st??... ap?d???????s? t?? PlayStation Network, ???eta? ?t? ??a ???? group t?? Anonymous e??e t?? e????? t?? ep??es??.
2011 - ?? Anonymous p?a?�at?p????? ep??es? se d??f??e? pa????�e? ?st?se??de? ?a? darknets se �?a p??sp??e?a ?a a?t?�et?p?s??? t?? pa?d??? p??????af?a. ? ep??e???s? ??e? t?? ???�as?a "Operation Darknet". ?p?p???? t?? "?pesa?" ?a? se ??a t??e?pt??? s??? �e ????ts???a, t? Toddlers and Tiaras, ta ?p??a ?st?s? ?t????ta? ?? e?????e?... ???a??e? ap? t?? �a�?de? t???. ? ep??e???s? ???�?st??e "Operation Innocence".
2011 - ?? Anonymous �a?a????? ??a ta ??�?s??d?a SOPA ?a? PIPA ?a? p??e?d?p????? t? ??????s?. ????te?a, a?a????????? t?? "Operation Blackout" ?a? p??e?d?p????? t??? p???te? t?? ??? ?a? e?????? t??? ?????? ??a t??? ?p????? p??pe? ?a a??s????? ??a t?? e?e??e??a t???. ?p? t?? ????, ape????? t?? Sony ??a t?? ?p?st????? st? SOPA.
2012 - ?? Anonymous a?a????????? t?? Operation Revenge ??a ?a e?d??????? ??a t? ??e?s?�? t?? file-sharing site, Megaupload.com. ??ap?????? te??st?a ep??es? ?at? ?????de? ?a? ?ataf?????? ?a "??????" p????? ??�e???t???? ?st?se??de? t?? ???�???? ????te???, t?? ??a????a? a??? ?a? t?? ??????a? epe?d? ?p?st????e? t? ACTA.
2012 - ? ep???se?? ?e???e???ta? �e t??? Anonymous ?a a?a????????? t?? a??? t?? ???t?? ?a???s�??? ??�e???p??e�?? �e ?????de? a?t?�?st?? ???e? ?a ep?t??e?ta? �a???? se sites e?te ???s?�?p????ta? s??t???s�??a t? LOIC e?te a?e???t?ta p?a?�at?p????ta? hacking se p????? ?st?se??de? eta??e??? p?? ?p?st??????? ta SOPA, PIPA, ACTA, ??a t? ??e?s?�? t?? Megaupload.com ?a? ?.a.
?????? f???? ????? d?a?e?se? e????e?e? ??a p???e?? (?p?? t? p??sfat? video p?? ?????f???se st? YouTube ??a ?a a?a??e??e? ep??es? st? Facebook ?a? p?? p??sf??e? a??�a ?a? LOIC ? HOIC e??a?e?a ?.a.) ?a? ????t?p???se??, a??? a?t? e??a? t? t?�?�a t?? ?a e??a? ??p???? "a????�??".
?????�??
? a????�?a ?�?? p??sf??e? p??sf??? ?daf?? ??a ?a "?????? t?? d???e?? t???" t????past?? ?a? ?a??p??? st???e?a ?a? a?t? e??a? a?a�f?s�?t?ta ep????d??? ?a? ??a t? "????�a", t?? s???????? ??t?t?ta t??? ?a? �e�a??? ??a t?? ?ste??f?�?a t???, a??? ?s??e? ??t? t?t???; ?????? ???, af?? de? e?d?af????ta? ??a t?? f?�? t???, s?st?; ? ap??? ??s�?? p??t?? t??? f?�?ta?, epe?d? ap??? ?a????eta? �p??st? t??? t? "????st?". ?? a???? ep?s?? ?p?st??????? ?t? ?? "?????�??" e??a? ep????d????, ?p? t?? ?????a ?t? de? �p????? ?a ?atap??e�?s??? ??t? p?? de? ?p???e?, p?? de? ?f?stata?. ?a? e?e? e??a? p?? ????? t? p?e????t?�a ?? a?t?�?st?? ???e?, ?p?? ?a?a?t??????ta? ap? p??????. ? a????�?a e??a? �?a e?a??et??? ??????, a??? a?t? e??a? ap? t?? ???? ??a afe??? s?�p??as�a.
??a ap? ta te?e?ta?a video t?? Anonymous af?t?? ap?s?????a? ta ??�?s??d?a SOPA ?a? PIPA
??te sa? e?d?af??e?, e?te ???, ?? "?????�??" �??s???ta? ??p?? e?e? ???, pa?at????ta? ta ?e????ta ?a? epe��a????ta? ?p?? ??????? a?t?? ?t? e??a? apa?a?t?t?. ?????�e ??at? ???s?�?p????? t?? a????�?a... ?????�e ??a t?? a?t?�?st???? p???e?? t???... ?????�e t??? ?????? p?? "pa?a�a????? t??? ??�??? �e????? f????..." a? ?a? e?e???? a?????ta? ?t? ?p?????? t?t???? ??�??.
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